685 research outputs found
A Model for the Thermal Expansion of Ag(111) and other Metal Surfaces
We develop a model to study the thermal expansion of surfaces, wherein phonon
frequencies are obtained from ab initio total energy calculations. Anharmonic
effects are treated exactly in the direction normal to the surface, and within
a quasiharmonic approximation in the plane of the surface. We apply this model
to the Ag(111) and Al(111) surfaces, and find that our calculations reproduce
the experimental observation of a large and anomalous increase in the surface
thermal expansion of Ag(111) at high temperatures [P. Statiris, H.C. Lu and T.
Gustafsson, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 3574 (1994)]. Surprisingly, we find that this
increase can be attributed to a rapid softening of the in-plane phonon
frequencies, rather than due to the anharmonicity of the out-of-plane surface
phonon modes. This provides evidence for a new mechanism for the enhancement of
surface anharmonicity. A comparison with Al(111) shows that the two surfaces
behave quite differently, with no evidence for such anomalous behavior on
Al(111).Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Z. Chem. Phy
Steering and ro-vibrational effects in the dissociative adsorption and associative desorption of H_2/Pd(100)
The interaction of hydrogen with many transition metal surfaces is
characterized by a coexistence of activated with non-activated paths to
adsorption with a broad distribution of barrier heights. By performing
six-dimensional quantum dynamical calculations using a potential energy surface
derived from ab initio calculations for the system H_2/Pd(100) we show that
these features of the potential energy surface lead to strong steering effects
in the dissociative adsorption and associative desorption dynamics. In
particular, we focus on the coupling of the translational, rotational and
vibrational degrees of freedom of the hydrogen molecule in the reaction
dynamics.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures, subm. to the Proceedings of ISSP-18, June 1996,
Poland, to appear in Prog. Surf. Sc
Mechanism of Poisoning the Catalytic Activity of Pd(100) by a Sulfur Adlayer
The modification of the potential-energy surface (PES) of H_2 dissociation
over Pd(100) as induced by the presence of a (2x2) S adlayer is investigated by
density-functional theory and the linear augmented plane wave method. It is
shown that the poisoning effect of S originates from the formation of energy
barriers hindering the dissociation of H_2. The barriers are in the entrance
channel of the PES and their magnitude strongly depends on the lateral distance
of the H_2 molecule from the S adatoms.Comment: RevTeX, 14 pages, 3 figure
Bridging the length and time scales: from ab initio electronic structure calculations to macroscopic proportions
Density functional theory (DFT) primarily provides a good description of the
electronic structure. Thus, DFT primarily deals with length scales as those of
a chemical bond, i.e. 10^-10 meter, and with time scales of the order of atomic
vibrations, i.e. 10^-13 seconds. However, several interesting phenomena happen
and/or become observable on different scales, namely meso- or macroscopic
lengths and on time scales of seconds or even minutes. To bridge the gap
between 10^-13 seconds and a second or between 10^-10 meter and 10 and more
nano meters is one of the important challenges we are facing today. In this
paper we show how we are overcoming these time and size problems for the
example of crystal growth and the evolution of nano-scale structures. The key
is a kinetic Monte Carlo approach with detailed input from DFT calculations of
the relevant atomistic processes.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Comments on Condens. Matt.
Phys. (1998). Other related publications can be found at
http://www.rz-berlin.mpg.de/th/paper.htm
The equilibrium shape of InAs quantum dots grown on a GaAs(001) substrate
The equilibrium shape of strained InAs quantum dots grown epitaxially on a
GaAs(001) substrate is derived as a function of volume. InAs surface energies
are calculated within density-functional theory, and a continuum approach is
applied for the elastic relaxation energies.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, to appear in "The Physics of Semiconductors
Electronic and structural properties of GaN by the full-potential LMTO method : the role of the electrons
The structural and electronic properties of cubic GaN are studied within the
local density approximation by the full-potential linear muffin-tin orbitals
method. The Ga electrons are treated as band states, and no shape
approximation is made to the potential and charge density. The influence of
electrons on the band structure, charge density, and bonding properties is
analyzed. It is found that due to the energy resonance of the Ga 3 states
with nitrogen 2 states, the cation bands are not inert, and features
unusual for a III-V compound are found in the lower part of the valence band
and in the valence charge density and density of states. To clarify the
influence of the Ga states on the cohesive properties, additional full and
frozen--overlapped-core calculations were performed for GaN, cubic ZnS, GaAs,
and Si. The results show, in addition to the known importance of non-linear
core-valence exchange-correlation corrections, that an explicit description of
closed-shell repulsion effects is necessary to obtain accurate results for GaN
and similar systems. In summary, GaN appears to be somewhat exceptional among
the III-V compounds and reminiscent of II-VI materials, in that its band
structure and cohesive properties are sensitive to a proper treatment of the
cation bands, as a result of the presence of the latter in the valence band
range.Comment: ( 20 REVTEX-preprint pages (REVTEX macros are included) 8 figures
available upon reques
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